Leg swelling, also known as edema, occurs when excess fluid builds up in the lower limbs. It can be a temporary issue caused by prolonged sitting or standing, or a sign of an underlying medical condition. While occasional swelling may not be concerning, persistent or severe cases may indicate circulation problems, kidney disease, or heart-related issues. Identifying the cause and symptoms early can help prevent complications. Find out what you need to know about the causes, symptoms, and when to seek medical attention.
Common Causes of Leg Swelling
Several factors can contribute to leg swelling, ranging from lifestyle choices to serious health conditions:
- Prolonged Sitting or Standing – Remaining in one position for too long can cause fluid to pool in the legs, leading to mild swelling.
- Injury or Infection – Sprains, fractures, or infections can result in localized swelling due to inflammation.
- Venous Insufficiency – This condition occurs when the veins struggle to return blood to the heart, leading to fluid buildup.
- Heart Failure – When the heart isn’t pumping efficiently, fluid can accumulate in the legs and feet.
- Kidney Disease – Impaired kidney function can cause the body to retain fluids, leading to swelling in the lower limbs
- Liver Disease – Liver conditions like cirrhosis can cause fluid retention due to decreased protein production.
- Medications – Certain drugs, including those for high blood pressure, diabetes, or hormone therapy, can cause swelling as a side effect.
Recognizing Symptoms of Leg Swelling
Leg swelling may be accompanied by other symptoms, depending on the underlying cause:
- Pain or tenderness – Swelling caused by injury or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) often comes with discomfort.
- Skin discoloration – Reddish or bluish skin may indicate a blood clot or circulation issue.
- Warmth or redness – Infections and inflammatory conditions can cause localized heat and redness.
- Difficulty moving – Severe swelling can make walking or bending the knees and ankles difficult.
- Shortness of breath – If leg swelling is accompanied by trouble breathing, it could be a sign of heart failure or a blood clot.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While mild leg swelling may resolve with rest and elevation, certain symptoms require prompt medical attention:
- Sudden or severe swelling in one leg – This may indicate a blood clot (DVT), which requires immediate treatment.
- Swelling accompanied by chest pain or shortness of breath – Could signal a pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening condition.
- Persistent swelling that doesn’t improve – Chronic or worsening swelling could indicate a serious underlying condition such as heart or kidney disease.
- Skin ulcers or wounds that won’t heal – Poor circulation-related swelling can lead to skin breakdown and infection.
Learn More About Leg Swelling
Leg swelling can be caused by minor issues like prolonged standing or more serious conditions such as heart or kidney disease. Recognizing the symptoms and understanding when to seek medical help is essential for maintaining overall health. If swelling persists, worsens, or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. Taking early action can prevent complications and improve long-term well-being.